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文章目录
🚀一、前言
在
Web
应用中,用户登录是非常常见的功能之一。为了提供更好的用户体验,并且方便用户进行登录,很多应用选择通过第三方平台进行登录授权,比如微信
、微信登录授权
为例,介绍如何使用PHP实现网页授权登录,并将用户昵称和头像更新到用户表中。
🚀二、准备工作
在开始之前,我们需要进行一些准备工作:
一个可以运行PHP的环境,比如搭建好的服务器或者本地开发环境。
注册并获取微信公众号的AppID
和AppSecret
,这个要去微信公众号后台获取,见下图。
🚀三、授权登录的流程
授权登录的流程主要分为以下几步:
- 用户访问我们的网站,并点击登录按钮。
- 我们的网站将用户引导至微信的授权页面。
- 用户在微信授权页面进行登录并同意授权。
- 微信将用户重定向回我们的网站,并携带授权码。
- 我们的网站使用授权码获取
access_token
和openid
。- 使用
access_token
和openid
,我们可以获取用户的信息。- 更新用户表中对应用户的昵称和头像。
🚀四、具体步骤和代码实现
🔎4.1 用户点击登录按钮
首先,在我们的网站上添加一个“登录”按钮,当用户点击该按钮时将会跳转至微信授权页面。
1 |
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>a</span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=YOUR_APP_ID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URL&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state=STATE#wechat_redirect<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>登录<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>a</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> |
替换上述代码中的YOUR_APP_ID
为你的微信公众号的AppID,REDIRECT_URL
为用户授权后重定向的URL。
🔎4.2 获取授权码
当用户点击登录按钮后,将会跳转至微信授权页面。用户在微信授权页面登录并同意授权后,微信将用户重定向回我们的网站,并携带一个授权码。
我们可以通过GET请求获取这个授权码:
1 |
<span class="token variable">$code</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$_GET</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string single-quoted-string">'code'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
🔎4.3 使用授权码获取access_token和openid
使用这个授权码,我们可以请求微信的接口,获取到access_token和openid。这里我们使用了PHP的curl
库来发送HTTP请求:
1 |
<span class="token variable">$curl</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">curl_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string double-quoted-string">"https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=YOUR_APP_ID&secret=YOUR_APP_SECRET&code="</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token variable">$code</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token string double-quoted-string">"&grant_type=authorization_code"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">curl_setopt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$curl</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CURLOPT_URL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$url</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">curl_setopt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$curl</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token variable">$result</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">curl_exec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$curl</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">curl_close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$curl</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token variable">$json</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">json_decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$result</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token variable">$access_token</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$json</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string single-quoted-string">'access_token'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token variable">$openid</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$json</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string single-quoted-string">'openid'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
替换上述代码中的YOUR_APP_ID
为你的微信公众号的AppID,YOUR_APP_SECRET
为你的微信公众号的AppSecret。
🔎4.4 获取用户信息
有了access_token和openid,我们就可以请求微信的用户信息接口,获取到用户的昵称和头像。
1 |
<span class="token variable">$curl</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">curl_init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string double-quoted-string">"https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token="</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token variable">$access_token</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token string double-quoted-string">"&openid="</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token variable">$openid</span><span class="token operator">.</span><span class="token string double-quoted-string">"&lang=zh_CN"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">curl_setopt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$curl</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CURLOPT_URL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$url</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">curl_setopt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$curl</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token variable">$result</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">curl_exec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$curl</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">curl_close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$curl</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token variable">$json</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">json_decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$result</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token variable">$nickname</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$json</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string single-quoted-string">'nickname'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token variable">$avatar</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$json</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string single-quoted-string">'headimgurl'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
🔎4.5 更新用户表
最后一步,我们将获取到的用户昵称和头像更新到我们的用户表中。假设我们的用户表是一个名为users
的表,包含字段id
、nickname
和avatar
。
1 |
<span class="token comment">// 假设我们已经连接到数据库,并且设置了正确的数据库连接参数</span> <span class="token variable">$stmt</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$pdo</span><span class="token operator">-></span><span class="token function">prepare</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string double-quoted-string">"UPDATE users SET nickname = :nickname, avatar = :avatar WHERE id = :id"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token variable">$stmt</span><span class="token operator">-></span><span class="token function">bindParam</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string single-quoted-string">':nickname'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$nickname</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token variable">$stmt</span><span class="token operator">-></span><span class="token function">bindParam</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string single-quoted-string">':avatar'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$avatar</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token variable">$stmt</span><span class="token operator">-></span><span class="token function">bindParam</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string single-quoted-string">':id'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$userId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token variable">$stmt</span><span class="token operator">-></span><span class="token function">execute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
替换上述代码中的:nickname
、:avatar
和:id
为对应的占位符。另外,需要根据实际情况将$userId
设置为当前登录用户的ID。实际上使用的时候效果图如下。
🚀五、总结
通过以上的步骤,我们可以实现网页授权登录,并将用户的昵称和头像更新到用户表中。当用户点击登录按钮后,会跳转至微信授权页面进行登录和授权。用户同意授权后,微信将用户重定向回我们的网站,并携带一个授权码。我们使用这个授权码获取access_token
和openid
,并通过access_token
和openid
获取用户的信息。最后,我们将用户的昵称和头像更新到用户表中。这样,就实现了网页授权登录的功能。
以上仅是一个示例,实际情况可能会更复杂。在实际开发中,我们还需要处理错误和异常情况,比如授权失败、接口请求错误等。此外,为了保证用户的安全和隐私,我们需要使用HTTPS协议进行通信,并且合理保存用户的信息。
推荐您阅读本专栏其他内容,PHP进阶实战教程,相信不会让您失望。如果你对上面的功能有疑问,随时欢迎与我交流。